编辑：钟然
责任编辑：罗志飞 翻译：程铭
在中共统治下，言论自由几乎不存在，即便是个人的微小行为——用手机记录真相、在网络上发出批评声音、或发表独立见解——也可能触发严厉打压。公民记者、网络行动者、维权人士常因揭露社会问题、传播信息而被拘押、失踪、判刑或长期软禁，其遭遇往往令人难以想象。
张展（1983年9月2日生），陕西咸阳人，公民记者，基督徒，西南财经大学保险学本科、金融学硕士。因长期在网络平台批评“一党专政”、腐败滥权，并声援香港反送中运动，张展多次遭到中国警方打压。2018年因网络言论被警方警告，2019年因街头举伞抗议和网络发声被多次刑拘。2020年2月，她赴武汉实地报道新冠疫情，公开发布大量疫情视频，5月被跨省抓捕，以“寻衅滋事罪”判刑四年，并在出狱仅三个月后再次被刑事拘留。狱中期间，张展多次绝食抗议，遭遇强制灌食、脚镣、约束带等酷刑，身体状况严重恶化。她的案件引发国际关注，多次获得言论自由与人权奖项，包括比利时布鲁塞尔自由大学颁发的言论自由荣誉奖、林昭自由奖及新闻自由勇气奖。
黄琦（1963年4月7日生），四川人，网名难博，与妻子曾丽共同创办“六四天网”，是中国互联网早期因言论入狱的公民。毕业于四川大学无线电子系，1998年成立“天网寻人事务所”，1999年创办“六四天网”，报道维权案件并批评时政，引发当局关注。2000年因网站内容被捕，2003年被判5年徒刑，2005年刑满获释。2008年汶川地震后揭露工程质量问题再次被捕，2009年获刑3年，2011年出狱。2016年因“为境外非法提供国家机密”再次被捕，2019年被判12年。
方斌，1963年1月28日出生于武汉，原为中医与商人。2020年新冠疫情爆发时，他以公民记者身份走进医院，用手机拍下遗体频繁被运出的震撼画面，并在视频中喊出“把权力还给人民”。他的影像迅速引起国际关注，却也因此成为当局重点打压对象。2020年2月9日，他被警方带走，从此失踪，后遭秘密判刑三年，于2023年4月30日刑满释放。
陈秋实（1985年9月生）黑龙江大兴安岭人，律师、独立媒体人，曾在北京从事律师及法律科普工作，并参与演讲与电视节目。2019年因报道香港反修例运动及在网络上发表社会评论，其微博、抖音和微信公众号先后被封。2019年底尝试出境旅行被天津公安限制出境。2020年新冠疫情期间，他前往武汉记录疫情实况，2月6日被公安带走，长期失联近600天。其后被转至天津、青岛等地管控，虽未受正式指控，但行动受限，生活受监视，无法与外界自由联系。
Persecuted citizen supervisors
Editor: Zhong Ran
Editor-in-Chief: Luo Zhifei Translator：Ming Cheng
Under the rule of the Communist Party of China, freedom of speech is almost non-existent, and even small personal actions – recording the truth with mobile phones, making criticism on the Internet, or expressing independent opinions – may trigger severe suppression. Citizen journalists, cyber activists and rights defenders are often detained, missing, sentenced or under long-term house arrest for exposing social problems and disseminating information, which is often unimaginable.
Zhang Zhan (born on September 2, 1983), a native of Xianyang, Shanxi Province, is a citizen journalist and a Christian. She has a bachelor’s degree in insurance and a master’s degree in finance from Southwest University of Finance and Economics. Zhang Zhan has been suppressed by the Chinese police many times for her long-term criticism of “one-party dictatorship”, corruption and abuse of power, and solidarity with Hong Kong’s anti-sending movement. In 2018, she was warned by the police for online speech, and in 2019, she was detained many times for street umbrella protests and online voice. In February 2020, she went to Wuhan to report on the COVID-19 pandemic and publicly released a large number of videos of the epidemic. In May, she was arrested across the province and sentenced to four years for the crime of “provoking trouble” and was criminally detained again just three months after being released from prison. During her imprisonment, Zhang Zhan went on hunger strikes and protested many times, and suffered torture such as forced feeding, shackles and restraint belts, and her physical condition seriously deteriorated. Her case has attracted international attention, and she has won many awards for freedom of speech and human rights, including the Freedom of Speech Honor Award, the Lin Zhao Freedom Award and the Freedom of the Freedom of the Press Courage Award issued by the Free University of Brussels in Belgium.
Huang Qi (born on April 7, 1963), a native of Sichuan, whose Internet name is nanbo. He co-founded the “June Fourth Day Network” with his wife Zeng Li. He was a citizen who was imprisoned for speech in the early days of the Chinese Internet. After graduating from the radio sub-department of Sichuan University, he established the “Sky Network Search Office” in 1998 and the “June Fourth Day Network” in 1999. He reported on rights protection cases and criticized current affairs, which aroused the attention of the authorities. He was arrested for website content in 2000, sentenced to five years in prison in 2003, and released after serving his sentence in 2005. After the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, he was arrested again for exposing the quality of the project. He was sentenced to three years in 2009 and released from prison in 2011. In 2016, he was arrested again for “illegally providing state secrets abroad” and sentenced to 12 years in 2019.
Fang Bin, born in Wuhan on January 28, 1963, was originally a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner and a businessman. When the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in 2020, he walked into the hospital as a citizen reporter, took a shocking picture of the frequent transportation of the remains with his mobile phone, and shouted “Return power to the people” in the video. His video quickly attracted international attention, but it also became the focus of the authorities’ suppression. On February 9, 2020, he was taken away by the police and disappeared. Later, he was secretly sentenced to three years in prison and released on April 30, 2023.
Chen Qiushi (born in September 1985) is a native of Daxing’anling, Heilongjiang Province. He is a lawyer and an independent media person. He has been engaged in lawyer and legal science popularization in Beijing and has participated in speeches and TV programs. In 2019, his Weibo, TikTok and WeChat official accounts were blocked one after another for reporting on Hong Kong’s anti-rem movement and making social comments on the Internet. At the end of 2019, the attempt to travel abroad was restricted by Tianjin Public Security. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, he went to Wuhan to record the actual situation of the epidemic. On February 6, he was taken away by the public security and lost contact for nearly 600 days. Later, he was transferred to Tianjin, Qingdao and other places for control. Although he was not officially charged, his movements were restricted, his life was monitored, and he could not communicate freely with the outside world.
