作者：张致君

编辑：李聪玲 责任编辑：刘芳 校对：王滨 翻译：彭小梅

八九学潮与天安门事件，发生在1989年春夏之交，是中国当代史上一次影响深远的社会政治事件。事件起因于中共前总书记胡耀邦去世后，北京高校学生自发前往天安门广场悼念，并逐渐提出反腐败、要求政治改革、新闻自由与政府对话等诉求。随着参与人数不断扩大，学生、市民和知识分子共同参与，使运动迅速蔓延至全国多座城市。

5月中旬，学生绝食将运动推向高潮，国际社会高度关注。5月20日，北京宣布戒严。6月3日至4日，军队进城并对示威人群实施武力清场，造成严重人员伤亡，但具体数字至今未有公开透明的官方统计。事件结束后，中国国内政治环境趋于收紧，相关讨论长期受到严格限制；国际上，中国一度遭遇制裁与外交压力。

这一事件不仅深刻影响了中国此后的政治走向，也成为全球范围内讨论中国人权、社会转型与政治改革时无法回避的重要历史节点。

China’s Memory — The 1989 Student Movement

Abstract:In the spring and summer of 1989, the student movement in Beijing began with the mourning of Hu Yaobang and put forward demands for anti-corruption measures and political reform. After the declaration of martial law, the military carried out a violent clearance, resulting in a large number of casualties, the exact figures of which remain unknown. The event led to a tightening of China’s political environment and triggered long-term international concern and discussions on human rights.

Author: Zhang ZhijunEditor: Li Congling Managing Editor: Liu FangProofreader: Wang Bin Translator: Peng Xiaomei

The 1989 student movement and the Tiananmen Square incident took place during the late spring and early summer of 1989 and constituted a profound social and political event in contemporary Chinese history. The movement was triggered by the death of Hu Yaobang, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, after which students from Beijing universities spontaneously went to Tiananmen Square to mourn him. Gradually, they raised demands including anti-corruption efforts, political reform, freedom of the press, and dialogue with the government. As participation continued to expand, students, citizens, and intellectuals joined together, and the movement quickly spread to many cities across China.

In mid-May, the students’ hunger strike pushed the movement to its peak, drawing intense attention from the international community. On May 20, Beijing announced the imposition of martial law. From June 3 to June 4, the military entered the city and used force to clear demonstrators, resulting in severe casualties. However, to this day, no open and transparent official statistics on the number of casualties have been released. After the event, China’s domestic political environment became increasingly restrictive, and related discussions have long been subject to strict control. Internationally, China faced sanctions and diplomatic pressure for a period of time.

This event not only profoundly influenced China’s subsequent political trajectory, but also became an unavoidable historical turning point in global discussions on China’s human rights situation, social transformation, and political reform.