公民建议书
编辑：胡景 校对：熊辩 翻译：吕峰
全国人大常委会：
2026年1月31日，中华人民共和国公安部发布《网络犯罪防治法（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见的公告。本人研读后认为，该《征求意见稿》严重违反《宪法》及《立法法》，理由如下：
《中华人民共和国宪法》第五十八条明确规定：“全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。”
《中华人民共和国立法法》第十条明确规定： 全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会根据宪法规定行使国家立法权。
第十一条又规定，下列事项只能制定法律 ：（五）对公民政治权利的剥夺、限制人身自由的强制措施和处罚；
同时，第九十一条明确规定：国务院各部、委员会、中国人民银行、审计署和具有行政管理职能的直属机构以及法律规定的机构，可以根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令，在本部门的权限范围内，制定规章。
根据以上的规定，涉及限制人身自由的处罚只能由法律来设定，该位阶的立法权限在于全国人大及其常委会，公安部作为国务院下设机构仅有制定规章的权限，并没有制定法律的权限。
《网络犯罪防治法（征求意见稿）》从形式上属于法律位阶的“法律”，制定该层级法律的权限在于全国人大及常务委员会；从内容上来讲，该《法律（征求意见稿）》涉及犯罪和处罚，涉及对人身自由的限制，只能由法律来设定。
因此，公安部无权制定《网络犯罪防治法》，该《意见稿》严重违反《中华人民共和国宪法》及《立法法》的相关规定，越俎代庖，侵害国家立法权的层级和权限设计，依据《立法法》公民建议权之规定，特向全国人大常委会提出撤销建议。
中华人民共和国公民
王全璋 （开放征集签名中）
抄送：
中华人民共和国国务院
中华人民共和国公安部
附件：
《网络犯罪防治法（征求意见稿）》
Citizen Petition Requesting the Withdrawal of the Ministry of Public Security’s Cybercrime Prevention Law
Draft for Public Comment
Editor: Hu Jing Proofreader: Xiong Bian Translator: Lyu Feng
To: The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress
On January 31, 2026, the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China issued a public notice soliciting comments on the Cybercrime Prevention Law (Draft for Public Comment). After careful review, I believe this draft seriously contravenes both the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Legislation Law of the People’s Republic of China, for the following reasons.
Article 58 of the Constitution clearly provides:“The National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee exercise the legislative power of the State.”
Article 10 of the Legislation Law further specifies that the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee exercise state legislative power in accordance with the Constitution.
Article 11 of the same law provides that the following matters may only be governed by laws enacted by the legislature, including:(5) deprivation of citizens’ political rights, compulsory measures restricting personal freedom, and penalties.
Meanwhile, Article 91 stipulates that ministries and commissions under the State Council, the People’s Bank of China, the National Audit Office, and other organs with administrative functions may, within the scope of their authority, formulate rules and regulations in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, decisions, and orders of the State Council.
Under these provisions, penalties involving restrictions on personal liberty may only be established by law, and the authority to enact such laws lies exclusively with the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee. As a subordinate organ of the State Council, the Ministry of Public Security possesses only the authority to issue departmental rules; it does not hold the authority to enact laws.
The Cybercrime Prevention Law (Draft for Public Comment) is, in form, a piece of legislation at the level of law. The competence to formulate legislation at this level belongs to the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee. Substantively, the draft concerns crimes and punishments, including measures that restrict personal freedom, which, again, may only be established by law.
Therefore, the Ministry of Public Security has no authority to formulate this law. The draft seriously violates the Constitution and the Legislation Law, oversteps institutional boundaries, and infringes upon the hierarchical allocation of legislative power. Pursuant to citizens’ right to submit legislative proposals under the Legislation Law, I hereby respectfully petition the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress to revoke it.
Citizen of the People’s Republic of China
Wang Quanzhang (signatures openly solicited)
CC:
State Council of the People’s Republic of China
Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China
Attachment:
Cybercrime Prevention Law (Draft for Public Comment)
